In addition, the interaction between the anesthesia workplace and the rest of the hospital is increasingly complex. The Apollo anesthesia machine can simplify this complexity. With a heightened emphasis on cost reduction in healthcare, our anesthesia solutions help you reduce operating costs and maximize reimbursement. Request Information. In addition, the interaction between the anesthesia workplace and the rest of the hospital is increasingly complex. The Apollo anesthesia machine can simplify this complexity. With a heightened emphasis on cost reduction in healthcare, our anesthesia solutions. Our anesthesia workstations and Infinity monitoring systems. For the ultimate in user efficiency, you can incorporate automated anesthesia record keeping with the Innovian Anesthesia data management solution. MT-0784-2008 D-7667-2010. Www.draeger.com m: Ag. GaA Draeger, Inc. Anaesthesia machines, vaporizer, blender, circle absorbtion systems, workstations and extension modules. Ventilators and humidifier see the Ventilators section. Anaesthesia machines of GE and Datex Ohmeda might be identical. Aeonmed Aeon 7400 Service manual 200 KB Download AirLiquide - Anaesthetic Gas Suction System Technical manual.

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doi: 10.4103/0019-5049.120139

PMID: 24249877

This article has been cited by other articles in PMC.

Abstract

Over the years, the conventional anaesthesia machine has evolved into an advanced carestation. The new machines use advanced electronics, software and technology to offer extensive capabilities for ventilation, monitoring, inhaled agent delivery, low-flow anaesthesia and closed-loop anaesthesia. They offer integrated monitoring and recording facilities and seamless integration with anaesthesia information systems. It is possible to deliver tidal volumes accurately and eliminate several hazards associated with the low pressure system and oxygen flush. Appropriate use can result in enhanced safety and ergonomy of anaesthetic delivery and monitoring. However, these workstations have brought in a new set of limitations and potential drawbacks. There are differences in technology and operational principles amongst the new workstations. Understand the principles of operation of these workstations and have a thorough knowledge of the operating manual of the individual machines.

Keywords: Gas delivery, monitoring, ventilation, workstation

INTRODUCTION

Anaesthesia delivery has required equipment right from its very early days. Schimmelbusch and Yankauer masks were devised to facilitate delivery of volatile anaesthetic agents. However, it was recognised quite early in the history of anaesthesia, at the cost of the lives of many unfortunate patients, that controlling the amount of anaesthetic agent delivered and maintaining ventilation of the lungs with oxygen enriched gas was paramount to the safe conduct of an anaesthetic.

The Boyle's machine which was developed in early 20^th century became synonymous with the anaesthesia delivery system. The quest for greater patient safety and the technological innovations made the development of advanced anaesthesia gas delivery systems possible. Physiological monitoring of the patients now involves advanced technology, which provides detailed information on not only the cardiorespiratory status of the patient but also other pertinent parameters such as the depth of anaesthesia, temperature, etc. Ventilators were introduced to take away the task of manual ventilation and afford more freedom to the anaesthetists. However, they soon graduated from mere bag squeezers to sophisticated systems meeting the demands of modern anaesthesia practice from assisting ventilation in patients on laryngeal mask airway (LMA) to controlling ventilation in severely diseased lungs.

Drager Anesthesia Machine Service Manual Pdf

The older generation anaesthesia machines were completely mechanical systems designed to meet the demands of anaesthesia practice in the era of semi-open circuits and high fresh gas flow (FGF), and have a number of limitations and drawbacks.[1] There are multiple exposed connections which are subject to disconnection or misconnection, kinking, or obstruction. Small leaks inherent to such systems make low flow anaesthesia difficult. Flow meters are inaccurate in their delivery of low flows. There are no performance feedback mechanisms. Most anaesthesia ventilators are ‘bag in bottle’ double circuit machines that consume oxygen for powering the ventilator to deliver tidal volume. Internal positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) valve is absent and one might need to use an external PEEP valve with its inherent risks. Advanced modes of mechanical ventilation are not available with old generation ventilators, which can be a shortcoming while anaesthetising critically ill patients or patients with pulmonary dysfunction. Older ventilators do not have integrated volume and pressure monitors which expose the patients to the risk of unrecognised leaks, disconnections and barotrauma. They are unable to deliver tidal volumes with accuracy.

THE MODERN INTEGRATED ANAESTHESIA WORKSTATION

The modern integrated anaesthesia workstation[1,2] is designed to be a complete anaesthesia and respiratory gas delivery and monitoring system. It combines advanced ventilation features, gas delivery and agent vapourising with patient monitoring and information management to form an integrated anaesthesia carestation. Examples include the GE Healthcare Aisys Carestation^® and the Draeger Primus^®[3,4] [Figure [Figure1a1a and andbb].

Examples of modern anaesthesia workstations. (a) The GE Healthcare Aisys® Workstation (with permission from GE Healthcare). (b) The Draeger Primus® Workstation (with permission from Draeger Medical India Pvt. Ltd.)

The components of the workstation are:

The gas delivery and scavenging system.
The vapourisers.
Electronic flow meters.
The ventilator.
The monitors.

This review will focus on items 3-5.

ELECTRONIC FLOW METERS

These are more accurate and do not have the disadvantages of having multiple mechanical parts which are prone to leaks and breakages. The flow can be displayed either in digital or virtual form. In some machines with electronic flow metre, though the flow is measured and displayed in electronic form, flows are still released by needle valves. Thus the North American Dräger Fabius GS^®[5] has conventional control knobs and flow control valves but flow is indicated electronically by a numerical display or ‘virtual flow tubes’, electronic flow sensors and digital displays rather than glass flow tubes. These allow easy identification of gas flows in a darkened theatre and the export of electronic data to an information system.[6] In fully electronic gas delivery system, as in the GE Healthcare Aisys^® Carestation, the flow control is also electronic. In some machines mechanical flow meters are provided to deliver oxygen in absence of electrical power.

Circle system

Modern anaesthesia machines are primarily designed to use a circle system equipped with features for low flow anaesthesia. Connections are internalized to reduce the likelihood of misconnections, or disconnections. The circuits are made compact to reduce circuit volumes to enable rapid changes in gas composition at low flows. Also the manifold may be heated to reduce condensation of water vapour, which was responsible for unidirectional valve malfunction in older versions. Some machines have built in water traps in the circuit to collect the precipitation. Vertically mounted unidirectional valves introduced in some newer models decrease resistance to flow.

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) absorbers are also now available as disposable units for ease of replacement with minimal disruption of anaesthesia gas delivery. Newer workstations have automatic bypass valve that allow easy changing of

Drager Anesthesia Machine User Manual Pdf